For many people, type 2 diabetes can be effectively managed. If not properly managed, it can affect virtually all of your organs and lead to serious complications, including:. Hypoglycemia can occur when your blood sugar is low. The symptoms can include shakiness, dizziness, and difficulty speaking. Hyperglycemia can happen when blood sugar is high. Monitoring your blood glucose carefully, and staying active, can help prevent hyperglycemia. Managing type 2 diabetes requires teamwork. Your doctor may want to perform periodic blood tests to determine your blood glucose levels.
Your doctor may also recommend a home monitoring system to test your own blood glucose levels between visits. Because diabetes can increase your risk of cardiovascular disease , your doctor may want to monitor your blood pressure and blood cholesterol levels. If you have symptoms of heart disease, you may need additional tests.
It may also be helpful to bring your family into the loop. Educating them about the warning signs of blood glucose levels that are too high or too low will allow them to help in an emergency.
Type 2 diabetes in children is a growing issue. One study found that the incidence of type 2 diabetes in youth has increased to about 5, new cases per year. Another study from also showed a significant increase, particularly in minority races and ethnic groups. The ADA reports the following statistics:. But the likelihood of a diagnosis can also be increased by genetics, age, and heritage.
Type 2 diabetes can be managed — and even reversed — with certain lifestyle changes. For more severe cases, medication is available. Read this article in Spanish. But it does increase your chance of getting it. Certain risk…. Do you know the warning signs of diabetes? If you're wondering if you may have diabetes, due to a family history or risk, you should see a doctor for….
A urine glucose test measures the level of glucose sugar in your urine. Having too much can be a sign of a health problem. If you don't receive…. The A1C test for diabetes allows doctors to see glucose levels over a 2- to 3-month period. Learn more here. Metformin can cause side effects in some people. Find out everything you need to know about diabetes here.
Get information on type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes. Discover symptoms, causes, and…. Type 1 diabetes is far less common than type 2, and the latter is more commonly diagnosed in adults. Curious about type 1 vs. We'll give you the facts on differences, similarities, causes, risk factors, treatment, and more. The risk factors for type 2 diabetes are complex and range from genetic to environmental to lifestyle choices. Learn more.
Health Conditions Discover Plan Connect. Type 2 Diabetes. This can lead to a wide variety of problems affecting nearly every major body system. The effects of diabetes on your body also depends on the type you have. There are two main types of diabetes: type 1 and type 2. Type 1 , also called juvenile diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes, is an immune system disorder.
With type 1 diabetes, you must take insulin to live. Most people receive their type 1 diagnosis as a child or young adult. Type 2 is related to insulin resistance. It used to occur in older populations, but now more younger populations are developing type 2 diabetes.
This is a result of certain lifestyle, dietary, and exercise habits. With type 2 diabetes, your pancreas stops using insulin effectively. This causes issues with being able to pull sugar from the blood and put it into the cells for energy. Eventually, this can lead to the need for insulin medication. You can effectively manage earlier phases like prediabetes with a balanced diet, exercise, and careful monitoring of blood sugars. This can also prevent the development of type 2 diabetes.
Diabetes can be controlled. In some cases, it can even go into remission if needed lifestyle changes are made. Gestational diabetes is high blood sugar that develops during pregnancy. Most of the time, you can manage gestational diabetes through diet and exercise.
It also typically resolves after the baby is delivered. Gestational diabetes can increase your risk of complications during pregnancy. It can also increase the risk of type 2 diabetes development later in life for both the birthing parent and child. This can create high levels of toxic chemicals, including acids and ketone bodies, which may lead to a condition called diabetic ketoacidosis.
Diabetic ketoacidosis is a serious complication of the disease. Symptoms include:. High blood sugar levels and excess ketones in your urine can confirm diabetic ketoacidosis. If untreated, this condition can lead to loss of consciousness or even death. Diabetic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome HHS occurs in type 2 diabetes. It involves very high blood glucose levels but no ketones. You might become dehydrated with this condition. You may even lose consciousness.
It can also be caused by a heart attack, stroke, or infection. High blood glucose levels may cause gastroparesis. This delay can cause blood glucose levels to rise. As a result, you may also experience:. Diabetes can also damage your kidneys and affect their ability to filter waste products from your blood. Kidney disease related to diabetes is called diabetic nephropathy. If you have diabetes, your doctor will evaluate you for nephropathy to help prevent irreversible kidney damage or kidney failure.
This makes the blood sugar level very high. With type 2 diabetes, the body still makes insulin. But a person with type 2 diabetes doesn't respond normally to the insulin the body makes. So glucose is less able to enter the cells and do its job of supplying energy. When glucose can't enter the cells in this way, doctors call it insulin resistance.
Although there's plenty of insulin in the person's body, because it doesn't work properly, the pancreas still detects high blood sugar levels. This makes the pancreas produce even more insulin. The pancreas may eventually wear out from working overtime to produce extra insulin. When this happens, it may no longer be able to produce enough insulin to keep blood sugar levels where they should be.
In general, when someone's blood sugar levels are repeatedly high, it's a sign that he or she has diabetes. What makes people more likely to develop type 2 diabetes? No one knows for sure. But experts have a few ideas about what puts a person at greater risk:. People who have type 2 diabetes may not know it because the symptoms aren't always obvious and they can take a long time to develop.
Some people don't have any symptoms at all. Also, people whose bodies are having problems using insulin or who are overweight may notice something called acanthosis nigricans.
This can cause a dark ring around the neck that doesn't wash off, as well as thick, dark, velvety skin under the arms, in between fingers and toes, between the legs, or on elbows and knees.
This skin darkening can lighten over time with improvement in insulin resistance. In addition, girls with insulin resistance may have polycystic ovary syndrome PCOS. In PCOS, the ovaries get bigger and develop fluid-filled sacs called cysts. Girls with this condition often have irregular periods or may stop having periods, and they might have excess facial and body hair.
Doctors can say for sure if a person has diabetes by testing blood samples for glucose. Even if someone doesn't have any symptoms of type 2 diabetes, doctors may order blood tests to check for it if the person has certain risk factors for instance, being overweight.
Some kids and teens with diabetes may go to a pediatric endocrinologist — a doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating children and teens living with diseases of the endocrine system , such as diabetes and growth problems. Sometimes people with type 2 diabetes take pills that help the insulin in their bodies work better.
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